Wave overtopping discharges at rubble mound breakwaters including effects of a crest wall and a berm

Physical model tests have been performed to study wave overtopping at rubble mound breakwaters, including breakwaters with a crest wall, berm, and wall berm. For structures protruding or stable limited information is available in literature even though walls berms clearly affect discharges. Adding an existing structure, increasing the height of adding width can be effective measures account for effects sea level rise if appears more severe than amount which structure was designed for. The present flume were used develop guidelines relative part dominates effect wall. berm width, steepness all influence on discharge. Moreover, it confirmed that also affects discharges without developed set expressions has validated based data oblique attack • reduction due combination both, studied. breakwaters. their influences increase higher steepness. A method steepness, proposed. new accurately describes